High School English Course Offerings

English in the High School encourages discovery, reflection, and synthesis. Students at every level read a variety of absorbing and challenging literary texts as they work to become nuanced readers, inquisitive conversationalists, and fluent, precise, and insightful writers.

How do I know what I think until I see what I say?

--E. M. Forster

Over their four years, students read a wide array of novels, plays, essays, stories, and poems with the goal that they will develop their own tastes, a lifelong love of reading, and deeper insights into the human condition.  Ninth and eleventh graders read, write, and converse deeply in year-long courses—the ninth graders in the foundational Myths & Legends course, and the eleventh graders in the cornerstone interdisciplinary course of the English and History departments, American Studies.  

Sophomores and seniors, meanwhile, choose from a variety of semester electives designed with particular student and faculty interests in mind. All four years prize depth over breadth and feature demanding texts that match students’ increasing powers of abstraction and analysis.

9th Grade

Myths & Legends

How can literature help us to live with unanswerable questions?
Who is a hero, and what are heroes for?
What is clear expression and how can we achieve it?

Ninth graders spend their first year of high school reading and discussing myths and legends: the stories we have told ourselves about ourselves from culture to culture, age to age. Using Joseph Campbell’s schema of the hero’s journey as a starting place, we focus particularly on the men and women who have taken risks—of faith, of intellect, of caring—in order to inspire and redefine their cultures. Two ancient texts, Genesis and Homer’s Odyssey, anchor the course; students also study such classic and modern texts as Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Toni Morrison’s Sula as they explore human mythmaking, hundreds of years ago and today.

10th Grade

Women on the Edge (fall term)

What is a heroine’s journey, and how does it serve and/or challenge society?

Cat ladies. Murderesses. Madwomen. In this course, we’ll hear about (and from) several women who live on the edge of what various societies recognize as normal, or right, or sane, exploring the reasons why these women might seek or resist that edge, and why society might want to draw them back or keep them on the margin.  Through class discussions, written analyses, and fiction exercises, students will explore the danger and charm, the limits and freedom of radical behavior for women. Texts include several Grimm’s fairy tales, Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Euripides's Medea, and Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar.

Will’s World (fall term)

What possible influences (personal, political, social, religious and literary) led Shakespeare to write what he did?
How did Shakespeare evolve and mature as a playwright over the course of his career?
What can Shakespeare’s comedies and tragedies—and the differences between them—tell us about the way he viewed the world?

Scholars are certain of very little about William Shakespeare’s life and the circumstances of his writing. In this course we will use that uncertainty to our advantage and invent our own Shakespeare. Our means for achieving this goal will be to read three plays from different eras of Shakespeare’s career—Twelfth Night, Hamlet, and Shakespeare's final play, The Tempest. We'll combine literary analysis, historical background, actors interpretations, and even swordfighting—yes swordfighting!—to help us put together the world of Shakespeare—fitting for a playwright whose stage was called "The Globe." 

The Literature of New York (fall term)

How has New York City shaped and been shaped by literature?
Who is a New Yorker?


A place of grit and greatness, poverty and power, immigrants and aristocracy: New York's multitudes have given rise to countless stories.  The city is an icon for America yet exceptional by its very nature.  Artistic movements have coalesced here, from Harlem to Greenwich Village. 

Authors have been drawn to New York, others have been repelled by it—just as it has provided a home for countless characters' trials and triumphs.  In this course, we will explore the diverse role New York has played in literature as well as the way literature has shaped images of the city.  We will spend time in the city itself, linking words and places.  Authors may include James Baldwin, E.L. Doctorow, Dashiell Hammett, Jean Kwok, Zora Neale Hurston, Edith Wharton and Anzia Yezierska.

The Outsider (fall term)

Who is an outsider?
Who or what defines an outsider?
Is his or her journey one of self-acceptance or one of social acceptance—or neither?

An individual who fits in and feels accepted by family and community has the opportunity to develop a healthy relationship with the world; he or she has the confidence to explore new opportunities and develop his or her talents. However, when the individual is not accepted by family and community, exploring the world and having a healthy relationship with it can seem impossible. This course will examine literature, both in and outside of the canon, written by or about individuals who are marginalized from society. Students will reflect upon the cultural and political structures in place that define an outsider's marginalized identity and begin to understand that a person's identity is just as much about who they cannot be as who they can be.

 

The Harlem Renaissance and its Discontents (Spring term)

How can works of literature participate in a political discussion?
How relevant is an author’s racial, historical and geographical background to his or her writing?

As World War I was ending and the 1920’s roared in, a loose association of idealist and elite black artists with a few white allies—poets, essayists, painters, musicians—set out to “lift the race,” to change social attitudes, and so to spark a self-conscious renaissance of black art and literature. In this course we will not only steep ourselves in this exciting era, but also join later black writers in evaluating the movement, and in exploring the many purposes and effects of black literature in the first half of the 20th century. Since writers like DuBois, Hughes, Hurston, and Ellison tended to agree that literature was vitally useful, but to disagree passionately about what to use literature for, our reading, writing, and discussions in this course will lead us to ask larger questions about literature as a social and political force. We will also take at least one fieldtrip to historic sites of the Harlem Renaissance. Texts include The Harlem Renaissance Reader, Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, and Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison.

Reading and Writing Satire (Spring term)

What makes it satire?
How are form and function related in satire?
Are some topics off limits for satire, or is everything fair game? How can words and images work together in satire?

Jon Stewart’s “The Daily Show” strikes viewers as innovative and fresh.Yet Stewart, along with writers at The Onion and the makers of films like Team America, is actually a modern practitioner of an art form that is over 2,000 years old: satire. Satirists use humor to criticize the vices of society. They know that one good joke can do more damage than ten serious speeches.  In this course, we will examine the history of satire from ancient times to the present. Working not with swords but with pens, the writers we will study have delightfully and boldly attacked religious hypocrites, pompous elites, war mongers, and misogynists, just to name a few.  The skilled satirist is perhaps more feared by those in power than any other foe; in this course, we will learn why. 


Students will practice close reading skills, short analytical essay writing, and discussion skills.  Students will also study the specific techniques of satirists and demonstrate their understanding of these techniques by creating original satirical essays, editorials, stories, and speeches.  Authors to be studied include Molière, Twain, Swift, and Voltaire.

The Craft of Poetry (spring term)

What is really poetry?
What is poetry's role in contemporary life?
How can we use the reading and writing of poetry to make us more attuned to the possibilities of the English language and become better writers in general?
How can someone else's poems facilitate our development as writers/poets?

Poetry is the way we help give name to the nameless so it can be thought. The farthest horizons of our hopes and fears are cobbled by our poems, carved from the rock of experiences of our daily lives.

--Audre Lorde, “Poetry Is Not a Luxury”

Our reality is everything: feelings, thoughts, memories and senses. We take all of who we are and, for most of our conscious life, communicate through language. With this in mind, we will examine the power of crafting music through language; we will put Audre Lorde's statement to work and find out if poetry can give name to the nameless—that subconscious part of us. We will deepen our familiarity with poetic devices and explore in detail how sound, rhythm, structure, and diction work together to make meaning in poetry. We will study, imitate, and venerate- but not too much—poets of the past and present from the east and west. We will read, recite, and perform poetry inside and outside of the classroom and become infatuated with the meaning and sound of words. Projects include: completing a poetry journal, creating a list of poems you would take into outer space, and a portfolio of your best work, some of which will be read publicly.

 

The Family Tree (spring term)

How do we decide what constitutes a family?
What does it mean to be a “good” mother, father, sister, brother, son, daughter?
What does our family owe us?
What do we owe them?


The term “dysfunctional family” comes up a lot in literature classes, often acting as a stone thrown from glass house to glass house. In this course, we will look at families of all different compositions, examining how relationships bloom and shrivel and what people will do to keep relatives close or push them away. Using class discussion, written analyses, and creative work, we’ll also explore how and why society critiques familial units in the way we do.
Pulling from texts like August Wilson’s Fences, Faulkner’s As I lay Dying, the graphic novel One! Hundred! Demons!, and short stories from John Cheever to Aimee Bender, who uses magical realism to explore notions of family, we will find ourselves immersed in what Leo Tolstoy meant when he wrote, “All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.

11th Grade

American Studies (Year-long)

What are Americans willing to fight for?
Does America need a frontier?
What do you do?
Who is an American?

In this interdisciplinary team-taught course, we will explore broad themes that span American history, culture, and thought.  An overarching goal of the class is to assess the critical experiences and fundamental beliefs that have forged an American identity and to consider the extent to which this identity is distinctive.  We will examine selected topics in-depth, rather than follow a single, chronological narrative; our readings will be drawn from a number of substantial primary texts.  In pursuit of our goals, each quarter will have a guiding question to analyze themes at the heart of American life, such as the question of national character, immigration and assimilation, the color line, economic opportunity and the pursuit of the American dream, and Americans at work and Americans at war.  Assessments will be designed to improve students' analytical writing skills in preparation for future college work and will culminate in a research essay and walking tours of NYC.

Students will read a wide variety of fiction and non-fiction works, by authors such as Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, Margaret Fuller, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Frederick Douglass, W.E.B. DuBois, Jane Addams, Jacob Riis, Zora Neale Hurston, Kate Chopin, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Philip Roth, Cormac McCarthy, and Toni Morrison; and from scholars such as Edmund Morgan, Jill Lepore, Steven Hahn, James McPherson, and Drew Faust.

12th Grade

writing the Short Story  (1st semester)

What tools do writers use to tell effective short stories?

How do writers read differently than the average reader?

This is a course for those who might consider themselves students of the human experience.  We will write stories, and by identifying the craft that goes into fiction writing, we will try to write good stories that do justice to our characters and their worlds. 

We will use three recent critical texts, Reading Like a Writer by Francine Prose, How Fiction Works by James Wood, and Italo Calvino’s Six Memos for the Next Millennium, to analyze the craft of modern short story masters from Chekhov to O’Connor to Carver to Munro (and many, many more!).  Students will use the narrative tools and tricks they learn in order to write their own work, and we will use in-class workshops to continue to hone our narrative tools.  The course will culminate in a public reading. 

The Essay (1st semester)

Where can self-reflection lead me?

How much help can I get with my writing, and how much am I self-taught?

How does an audience shape my writing?

Most Berkeley Carroll seniors have written dozens of literary critical essays; this course offers students a chance to write all of the kinds of essays. Students will read and write narrative, definitive, and exploratory essays, paying particular detail to voice, detail, and structure as they pull together comprehensive writing portfolios.  All students who join this class must be willing to read their work aloud and willing to give and receive constructive criticism. 

Reading War (1st Semester)

Why do nations go to war?  And even more importantly, why do individuals serve in battle, often willingly giving their lives?

Is there such a thing as a“moral war”?

What is the effect of war on those who lead it, those who serve in it, and those who stay at home waiting for news of it?

This course will examine these questions from a primarily literary perspective, rather than a purely historical or philosophical one.  We will study the ways writers of drama and fiction have attempted to answer these questions from Ancient Greece to the Renaissance to the 20th century.  The Roman philosopher and poet Horace wrote that “it is sweet and noble to die for one’s country,” a line so memorable and important that two thousand years later, it is engraved above Arlington National Cemetery. In our study, we will ask whether WWI poet Wilfred Owen is right when he calls Horace’s line “The old Lie.”

Real Love (2nd semester)

What can literature’s great lovers teach us about how to love?

This course acknowledges that the most important lessons often involve how to build meaningful and lasting relationships with others. Here we will focus on love—love that works, love that doesn’t; love’s poets and philosophers; its cautionary tales. Major texts will include Plato’s Symposium, Shakespeare’s As You Like It, García Lorca’s Blood Wedding, García Márquez’ Love in the Time of Cholera, and Nabokov’s Lolita.

Documenting the World (2nd Semester)

Whose perspective do we get in a story, and how does perspective shape our experience of a story?


What is a “true” story?
Are “right” and “wrong” absolute terms, or relative ones?


When is no decision still a decision?


What are the responsibilities of the individual to his or her society? Of the society to the individual?

We face ethical dilemmas every day, in ways large and small.  At the supermarket, we wonder, “Is it more environmentally sound to eat tomatoes flown in from South America or beef raised in upstate New York?” Seeing a homeless person, we ask ourselves, “Should I give a needy person a handout and make an immediate impact, or get involved in an organization that addresses the root causes of homelessness?” The goal of this new course is not to impart answers to these questions, but rather to examine what processes each of us can use to think through such questions and arrive at a principled ethical worldview. The course is built around a demanding reading list of nonfiction books, supplemented by documentary films. Both genres make claims to truth, but what exactly is a “true story” anyway?  Any writer or filmmaker faces countless choices: whose story is told? from what angle? which characters are developed, and which are not?  which facts are presented, and which are not?  These choices reflect both conscious and unconscious biases of the writer or filmmaker.  In this course, we will explore the very nature of truth itself.

Through discussion, personal reflection, critical analysis, persuasive writing, and service learning, students will be challenged to develop a personal ethical framework and apply it to their daily lives.

Political Writer in Exile (2nd semester)

How and why does a book or other literary work become a threat to a country's political ideology?

Is the political writer's voice the same voice of the disenfranchised?

How does a writer's political identity shape his or her experience in the world?

What does it mean to leave home and never return?


Political: Of or pertaining to citizens; political rights.
Exile: Expulsion from one’s native land by authoritative decree. Anyone separated from his or her country or home voluntarily or by force of circumstance.

This course explores numerous accounts of political exile: both voluntarily and involuntarily. Writers and artists who live in exile may be considered the voice of a political or cultural movement that is a threat to a country’s political stability. Often times, his or her voice is valued by the people of the country: namely, the poor and working class. This class examines the exiled voice from all parts of the world and investigates the phenomenon of the refugee in various political and cultural circumstances. Seniors read works of literature that address the relationship between the individual and  the country, including Anchee Min's Red Azalea, Shakespeare's The Tempest and Milan Kundera's, The Book Of Laughter And Forgetting. As students learn about the political context of each author, they will develop their own political identity and create writings that give voice to their concerns.

Science Writing (2nd semester)

How can good writing help us to communicate important scientific topics to a general audience?
What does science writing provide that technical scientific writing doesn’t?
What are the differences and similarities between how scientists and writers “know”?
What can we discover when we look very, very closely at the world?

Scientists want to know how everything works, so they form and test hypotheses, collecting facts and developing theories; writers want to know how everything feels and what it all means, so they notice details and write them all down as a way to discover more.  In this course, we will be both scientists and writers.  We will make observations and sift through scientific data, and we will also learn how to write personally and memorably about our discoveries and their significance.  We will address a number of current science topics together, but each student will also be able to choose a particular area of interest as we practice writing personal essays, investigative articles, and even a few poems.  We will observe the world with fierce attention in our attempt to know--everything. There are no prerequisites for this course.